"Our goal is not an exhaustive history of Europe, Ireland and the UK, but some history is useful when interpreting where people came from, when they settled and how this might be useful for the interpretation of modern DNA studies of these people. - Jim Sims, 2006"

The map at left shows the approximate boundaries of the Roman Empire ca. 120 AD. Britannia was a distant holding of the empire

Shown on the map in light gray are modern international boundaries.

The cities of Roman and Byzantium (later Constantinople then Istanbul) are shown for reference.