"Our goal is not an exhaustive history of Europe, Ireland and the UK, but some history is useful when interpreting where people came from, when they settled and how this might be useful for the interpretation of modern DNA studies of these people. - Jim Sims, 2006"

By 600 AD the Estern Roman Empire, the Byzantine Empire if you will, had recovered some holdings in Italy compared to 500 AD, islands in the Mediterranian and what we call today the Straits of Gibralter and some holdings in North Africa.

The kingdoms of the Vandals, Ostrogoths and the Burgundians had collapsed. Angles and Saxons had kingdoms in Britannia and some of the contenential Saxons were vassals of the Franks who had expanded their territory.